Development and Testing a Measure of Experienced Frailty for Community-Dwelling Older Adults: The Frailty Experiences Scale (FES)

Rianne Golbach; Johannes Hobbelen; Wim Krijnen; Harriët Jager-Wittenaar; Evelyn Finnema

doi:10.1177/30495334261420369

Development and Testing a Measure of Experienced Frailty for Community-Dwelling Older Adults: The Frailty Experiences Scale (FES)

Vertaalde titel van de bijdrage: Ontwikkeling en testen van een meetinstrument naar ervaren kwetsbaarheid van zelfstandigwonende ouderen: The Frailty Experiences Scale (FES)

Universitair Medisch Centrum Groningen
Rijksuniversiteit Groningen
Radboudumc
Vrije Universiteit Brussel
NHL Stenden Hogeschool

Onderzoeksoutput: Article › Academic › peer review

Samenvatting

This study aimed to develop a measurement instrument of frailty experiences, the Frailty Experiences Scale, in community-dwelling older adults and test its psychometric properties. The process involved three steps: expert sessions (n = 10) to assess face and content validity; think-aloud interviews (n = 5) with older adults > 60 years to check feasibility and comprehensibility; and testing the scale (N = 187) among older adults (71.9 ± 7.8; 65% female; 70.4% highly educated) to assess internal consistency and structure. The layout and instructions facilitated easy administration. Factor analysis confirmed the four-dimension structure (physical, psychological, social, and cognitive) and showed good reliability (Cronbach’s alpha = .872). Items six, nine, and 16 were removed due to poor contribution, low or negative factor loadings. The cognitive subscale contributed the least. The Frailty Experiences Scale is a feasible and reliable instrument for measuring experienced frailty in older adults, with promising implications for research and practice.

Vertaalde titel van de bijdrage	Ontwikkeling en testen van een meetinstrument naar ervaren kwetsbaarheid van zelfstandigwonende ouderen: The Frailty Experiences Scale (FES)
Originele taal-2	English
Pagina's (van-tot)	1-12
Aantal pagina's	12
Tijdschrift	Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine
Volume	12
DOI's	https://doi.org/10.1177/30495334261420369
Status	E-pub ahead of print - 9 feb. 2026

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SDG 17 Partnerschap om de doelen te bereiken

Keywords

Kwetsbaarheidservaringen
Vragenlijst ontwikkeling
kwetsbaarheid
meetinstrument
veroudering

Research Focus Areas Hanze University of Applied Sciences

Healthy Ageing

Research Focus Areas Research Centre or Centre of Expertise

Kwetsbaarheid en passende zorg

Publinova thema's

Overig
Gezondheid

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10.1177/30495334261420369Licentie: CC BY-NC

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title = "Development and Testing a Measure of Experienced Frailty for Community-Dwelling Older Adults: The Frailty Experiences Scale (FES)",

abstract = "This study aimed to develop a measurement instrument of frailty experiences, the Frailty Experiences Scale, in community-dwelling older adults and test its psychometric properties. The process involved three steps: expert sessions (n = 10) to assess face and content validity; think-aloud interviews (n = 5) with older adults > 60 years to check feasibility and comprehensibility; and testing the scale (N = 187) among older adults (71.9 ± 7.8; 65\% female; 70.4\% highly educated) to assess internal consistency and structure. The layout and instructions facilitated easy administration. Factor analysis confirmed the four-dimension structure (physical, psychological, social, and cognitive) and showed good reliability (Cronbach{\textquoteright}s alpha = .872). Items six, nine, and 16 were removed due to poor contribution, low or negative factor loadings. The cognitive subscale contributed the least. The Frailty Experiences Scale is a feasible and reliable instrument for measuring experienced frailty in older adults, with promising implications for research and practice.",

keywords = "Kwetsbaarheidservaringen, Vragenlijst ontwikkeling, kwetsbaarheid, meetinstrument, veroudering, Questionnaire development, ageing, experiences of vulnerability, frailty, measuring instrument",

author = "Rianne Golbach and Johannes Hobbelen and Wim Krijnen and Harri{\"e}t Jager-Wittenaar and Evelyn Finnema",

year = "2026",

month = feb,

day = "9",

doi = "10.1177/30495334261420369",

language = "English",

volume = "12",

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journal = "Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine",

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T2 - The Frailty Experiences Scale (FES)

AU - Golbach, Rianne

AU - Hobbelen, Johannes

AU - Krijnen, Wim

AU - Jager-Wittenaar, Harriët

AU - Finnema, Evelyn

PY - 2026/2/9

Y1 - 2026/2/9

N2 - This study aimed to develop a measurement instrument of frailty experiences, the Frailty Experiences Scale, in community-dwelling older adults and test its psychometric properties. The process involved three steps: expert sessions (n = 10) to assess face and content validity; think-aloud interviews (n = 5) with older adults > 60 years to check feasibility and comprehensibility; and testing the scale (N = 187) among older adults (71.9 ± 7.8; 65% female; 70.4% highly educated) to assess internal consistency and structure. The layout and instructions facilitated easy administration. Factor analysis confirmed the four-dimension structure (physical, psychological, social, and cognitive) and showed good reliability (Cronbach’s alpha = .872). Items six, nine, and 16 were removed due to poor contribution, low or negative factor loadings. The cognitive subscale contributed the least. The Frailty Experiences Scale is a feasible and reliable instrument for measuring experienced frailty in older adults, with promising implications for research and practice.

AB - This study aimed to develop a measurement instrument of frailty experiences, the Frailty Experiences Scale, in community-dwelling older adults and test its psychometric properties. The process involved three steps: expert sessions (n = 10) to assess face and content validity; think-aloud interviews (n = 5) with older adults > 60 years to check feasibility and comprehensibility; and testing the scale (N = 187) among older adults (71.9 ± 7.8; 65% female; 70.4% highly educated) to assess internal consistency and structure. The layout and instructions facilitated easy administration. Factor analysis confirmed the four-dimension structure (physical, psychological, social, and cognitive) and showed good reliability (Cronbach’s alpha = .872). Items six, nine, and 16 were removed due to poor contribution, low or negative factor loadings. The cognitive subscale contributed the least. The Frailty Experiences Scale is a feasible and reliable instrument for measuring experienced frailty in older adults, with promising implications for research and practice.

KW - Kwetsbaarheidservaringen

KW - Vragenlijst ontwikkeling

KW - kwetsbaarheid

KW - meetinstrument

KW - veroudering

KW - Questionnaire development

KW - ageing

KW - experiences of vulnerability

KW - frailty

KW - measuring instrument

U2 - 10.1177/30495334261420369

DO - 10.1177/30495334261420369

M3 - Article

SN - 2333-7214

VL - 12

SP - 1

EP - 12

JO - Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine

JF - Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine

ER -

Development and Testing a Measure of Experienced Frailty for Community-Dwelling Older Adults: The Frailty Experiences Scale (FES)

Samenvatting

Duurzame ontwikkelingsdoelstellingen van de VN

Keywords

Research Focus Areas Hanze University of Applied Sciences

Research Focus Areas Research Centre or Centre of Expertise

Publinova thema's

Toegang tot document

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