Conditions for factor (in)determinacy in factor analysis

Wim P. Krijnen; Theo K. Dijkstra; Richard D. Gill

doi:10.1007/BF02294860

Conditions for factor (in)determinacy in factor analysis

Wim P. Krijnen, Theo K. Dijkstra, Richard D. Gill

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Samenvatting

The subject of factor indeterminacy has a vast history in factor analysis (Guttman, 1955; Lederman, 1938; Wilson, 1928). It has lead to strong differences in opinion (Steiger, 1979). The current paper gives necessary and sufficient conditions for observability of factors in terms of the parameter matrices and a finite number of variables. Five conditions are given which rigorously define indeterminacy. It is shown that (un)observable factors are (in)determinate. Specifically, the indeterminacy proof by Guttman is extended to Heywood cases. The results are illustrated by two examples and implications for indeterminacy are discussed.

Originele taal-2	English
Pagina's (van-tot)	359-367
Tijdschrift	Psychometrika. Vol 67(1)
Volume	63
Nummer van het tijdschrift	4
DOI's	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02294860
Status	Published - dec. 1998

Keywords

factoranalyse

Research Focus Areas Hanze University of Applied Sciences

Healthy Ageing

Research Focus Areas Research Centre or Centre of Expertise

Kwetsbaarheid en passende zorg

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10.1007/BF02294860

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title = "Conditions for factor (in)determinacy in factor analysis",

abstract = "The subject of factor indeterminacy has a vast history in factor analysis (Guttman, 1955; Lederman, 1938; Wilson, 1928). It has lead to strong differences in opinion (Steiger, 1979). The current paper gives necessary and sufficient conditions for observability of factors in terms of the parameter matrices and a finite number of variables. Five conditions are given which rigorously define indeterminacy. It is shown that (un)observable factors are (in)determinate. Specifically, the indeterminacy proof by Guttman is extended to Heywood cases. The results are illustrated by two examples and implications for indeterminacy are discussed.",

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author = "Krijnen, \{Wim P.\} and Dijkstra, \{Theo K.\} and Gill, \{Richard D.\}",

year = "1998",

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doi = "10.1007/BF02294860",

language = "English",

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journal = "Psychometrika. Vol 67(1)",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Conditions for factor (in)determinacy in factor analysis

AU - Krijnen, Wim P.

AU - Dijkstra, Theo K.

AU - Gill, Richard D.

PY - 1998/12

Y1 - 1998/12

N2 - The subject of factor indeterminacy has a vast history in factor analysis (Guttman, 1955; Lederman, 1938; Wilson, 1928). It has lead to strong differences in opinion (Steiger, 1979). The current paper gives necessary and sufficient conditions for observability of factors in terms of the parameter matrices and a finite number of variables. Five conditions are given which rigorously define indeterminacy. It is shown that (un)observable factors are (in)determinate. Specifically, the indeterminacy proof by Guttman is extended to Heywood cases. The results are illustrated by two examples and implications for indeterminacy are discussed.

AB - The subject of factor indeterminacy has a vast history in factor analysis (Guttman, 1955; Lederman, 1938; Wilson, 1928). It has lead to strong differences in opinion (Steiger, 1979). The current paper gives necessary and sufficient conditions for observability of factors in terms of the parameter matrices and a finite number of variables. Five conditions are given which rigorously define indeterminacy. It is shown that (un)observable factors are (in)determinate. Specifically, the indeterminacy proof by Guttman is extended to Heywood cases. The results are illustrated by two examples and implications for indeterminacy are discussed.

KW - factor analysis

KW - factoranalyse

U2 - 10.1007/BF02294860

DO - 10.1007/BF02294860

M3 - Article

SN - 0033-3123

VL - 63

SP - 359

EP - 367

JO - Psychometrika. Vol 67(1)

JF - Psychometrika. Vol 67(1)

IS - 4

ER -

Conditions for factor (in)determinacy in factor analysis

Samenvatting

Keywords

Research Focus Areas Hanze University of Applied Sciences

Research Focus Areas Research Centre or Centre of Expertise

Publinova thema's

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