The effect of stress tolerance on dynamics of activity-travel behavior: numerical simulation results

The primary and secondary effects of various spatial and transportation policies can be evaluated with models of activity–travel behavior. Whereas existing activity-based models of travel demand simulate a typical day, dynamic models simulate behavioral response to endogenous or exogenous change, along various time horizons. The current study aims at developing a model of endogenous dynamics of activity–travel behavior. Endogenous dynamics are induced by stress, which is regarded as dissatisfaction with current habits. It is assumed that people try to alleviate stress by trying short-term changes, within the options known to them or by exploring new options. If these explorations prove to be unsuccessful, they will consider long-term changes, such as moving to a new residential location, buying a car, etc. Therefore, this self-improvement process can result in both short and long-term adaptations. In the proposed framework, choice-set formation is modeled, the key concepts of aspiration, activation, awareness and expected utility are integrated, while both rational and emotional mechanisms are taken into account. Numerical simulations are conducted in order to check the face validity of the model, as well as the impact of stress tolerance parameters on system performance.