Abstract
The subject of factor indeterminacy has a vast history in factor analysis (Guttman, 1955; Lederman, 1938; Wilson, 1928). It has lead to strong differences in opinion (Steiger, 1979). The current paper gives necessary and sufficient conditions for observability of factors in terms of the parameter matrices and a finite number of variables. Five conditions are given which rigorously define indeterminacy. It is shown that (un)observable factors are (in)determinate. Specifically, the indeterminacy proof by Guttman is extended to Heywood cases. The results are illustrated by two examples and implications for indeterminacy are discussed.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 359-367 |
| Journal | Psychometrika. Vol 67(1) |
| Volume | 63 |
| Issue number | 4 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - Dec 1998 |
Keywords
- factor analysis
Research Focus Areas Hanze University of Applied Sciences * (mandatory by Hanze)
- Healthy Ageing
Research Focus Areas Research Centre or Centre of Expertise * (mandatory by Hanze)
- Frailty and adequate care
Publinova themes
- Other
- Health
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